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2.6Biology 02. Life Processes

Know that aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria of plant… — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 8 parts Lesson 6 of 13 1 quiz

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2.6 Aerobic respiration in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells — CHECKPOINT - Lower Secondary Science 0893 notes: Know that aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells and write its equation.Uses of energy — cells need energy to move, send nerv…

  • Source of energy
  • Energy store
  • Controlled release
  • Word equation
  • Symbol equation
  • All living cells

Part 1 of 6Why cells need energy

Uses of energy
  • Uses of energy cells need energy to move, send nerve impulses along neurones and keep the body warm.
Source of energy
  • Source of energy all energy in the body comes from food, especially carbohydrates.
Glucose
  • Glucose digestion breaks carbohydrates down to glucose, which the blood delivers to every cell.

Part 2 of 6Release of energy from glucose

Energy store
  • Energy store the energy in glucose is locked up and must be released before cells can use it.
Mitochondria
  • Mitochondria tiny structures in cells that release energy from glucose.
  • Most cells contain many mitochondria.
  • Cells that use a lot of energy, such as neurones, contain more mitochondria.
Controlled release
  • Controlled release a little energy is released at a time, just enough for the needs of the cell.

Part 3 of 6Aerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration
  • Aerobic respiration a chemical reaction in mitochondria that uses oxygen to release energy from glucose.
Word equation
  • Word equation glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Symbol equation
  • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Reactants
  • Reactants glucose and oxygen.
Products
  • Products carbon dioxide and water, with energy released.

Part 4 of 6Where respiration happens

All living cells
  • All living cells plant and animal cells both respire in their mitochondria.
  • Seeds respire quickly when they germinate because they need a lot of energy.
Gas exchange
  • Gas exchange oxygen comes from the air through the blood and carbon dioxide is carried back to the lungs.
  • So the air we breathe out has more carbon dioxide than the air we breathe in.

Part 5 of 6Respiration and heat

  • Some energy is changed to thermal energy in every energy transfer.
    • So respiring cells are slightly warmer than their surroundings.

Part 6 of 6Investigating respiration in peas

1
Set up two flasks, one with live germinating peas and one with dead peas.
2
Keep everything else the same, including the insulation and the number of peas.
3
Measure the temperature in each flask at regular intervals.
4
Plot a line graph of temperature against time.
  • The flask with live peas becomes warmer because respiration releases thermal energy.

Key terms

TermMeaning
Aerobic respirationReaction that uses oxygen to release energy from glucose.
GlucoseSugar that is the fuel for respiration.
MitochondriaStructures in cells where aerobic respiration takes place.
ReactantA substance used up in a chemical reaction.
ProductA substance made in a chemical reaction.

Avoid these mistakes

1
Respiration and breathing are the same — respiration is a chemical reaction in cells and breathing moves air.
2
Plants do not respire — plants respire in every living cell all the time.
3
Respiration makes energy — it releases energy that was stored in glucose.
4
Respiration happens in the whole cell — aerobic respiration happens in the mitochondria.

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