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6.6Chemistry 03. Changes To Materials

Describe how the solubility of different salts varies with… — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 9 parts Lesson 6 of 9 1 quiz

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Lesson summary

6.6 How the solubility of salts changes with temperature — CHECKPOINT - Lower Secondary Science 0893 notes: Describe how the solubility of different salts varies with temperature using tables and graphs.Solubility — the mass of a solute that dissolves in 100 g of water at a given…

  • Soluble and insoluble
  • Saturated solution
  • General trend
  • Dissolving rate
  • Comparing salts
  • Reading values

Section 1 of 9Solubility

Solubility
  • Solubility the mass of a solute that dissolves in 100 g of water at a given temperature.
Soluble and insoluble
  • Soluble and insoluble a solid that dissolves is soluble and a solid that does not dissolve is insoluble.
Saturated solution
  • Saturated solution a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at that temperature.

Section 2 of 9Effect of temperature

General trend
  • General trend the solubility of most solids increases as the temperature rises.
  • Particles in hot water have more energy, vibrate and move more and so separate faster.
Sugar
  • 204 g dissolves in 100 g of water at 20 degrees Celsius and 362 g at 80 degrees Celsius.
Dissolving rate
  • Dissolving rate most solutes also dissolve more quickly in hot water than in cold.

Section 3 of 9Solubility of different salts at 20 degrees Celsius

SaltSolubility in g per 100 g of water
Calcium chloride74
Sodium chloride36
Copper sulfate32
Potassium chlorate7
Lead chloride1
  • Some salts are more soluble than others, so sodium chloride is more soluble than lead chloride.

Section 4 of 9Reading a solubility graph

Graph
  • Graph temperature is on the horizontal axis and mass of salt dissolved in 100 g of water is on the vertical axis.
Curve
  • Curve a curve rising to the right shows that solubility increases with temperature.
Comparing salts
  • Comparing salts the highest curve at a given temperature shows the most soluble salt.
Reading values
  • Reading values find the temperature, go up to the curve and read across to the mass.

Section 5 of 9Proportion with the mass of water

  • Scaling
    • the mass of solute that dissolves is proportional to the mass of water.
    • Double the water dissolves double the mass of solute.

Section 6 of 9Different solvents

Different solvents
A substance insoluble in water may dissolve in another solvent.
Nail polish dissolves in propanone but not in water.

Section 7 of 9Making a saturated solution

1
Place a measured volume of water in a beaker.
2
Add the solute a little at a time and stir.
3
Keep adding until no more dissolves.
4
The solution is now saturated.

Section 8 of 9Key terms

TermMeaning
SolubilityMass of solute that dissolves in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature.
SaturatedContaining as much dissolved solute as possible.
SolubleAble to dissolve.
InsolubleUnable to dissolve.
SolventThe liquid in which a solute dissolves.

Section 9 of 9Exam technique

1
All solids are more soluble in hot water — most are, but not every substance.
2
Solubility is how fast a solid dissolves — it is how much dissolves.
3
A saturated solution has no solute — it has the maximum amount dissolved.
4
Doubling the temperature doubles the solubility — the change is not a simple proportion.

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