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7.2Descriptive Chemistry

Organic chemistry — EST 2 Chemistry Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 8 parts Lesson 2 of 3 1 quiz

📚 EST 2 Chemistry Hub / Topical Revision
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Curriculum Equation Key معادلة تفاعل تكوين الإستر (الأسترة) - Esterification Reaction EquationFast Exam Solution
R-COOH + R2-OH ⇌ (conc. H₂SO₄) R-COO-R2 + H₂O
Word Equation & Conditions: حمض كربوكسيلي + كحول (في وجود حمض الكبريتيك المركز كعامل حفاز ونازع للماء) ⇌ إستر + ماء
Location & Specifications: الكيمياء العضوية للثانوية العامة والتحصيلي و Edexcel Chemistry.
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Lesson summary

Organic chemistry EST Chemistry notes: Name simple organic compounds.Bromine water decolourises with alkenes — a test for C=C.Boiling points of alkanes rise with chain length.Branching lowers boiling point (less surface contact).Alcohols and carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds.S…

  • Name CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3
  • Organic chemistry EST Chemistry: what to do next
  • Hydrocarbon
  • Functional group
  • Identify / Describe (FRQ)
  • Explain / Justify (FRQ)

Section 1 of 8Organic chemistry

1
Carbon forms four bonds.
2
cis/trans isomers arise around C=C.
3
Proteins, starch and DNA are natural polymers.
4
Fractional distillation separates crude oil.
5
Cracking converts long alkanes into shorter alkanes and alkenes.

Section 2 of 8Process & sequence

1
Find the longest carbon chain containing the functional group.
2
Number from the end nearest the functional group.
3
Name and number the substituents.
4
List substituents alphabetically.
5
Add the suffix for the main functional group.

IUPAC namingwrite these steps in this order; each step is a marking point.

  1. Longest chain
  2. Number from functional group
  3. Name branches
  4. Alphabetise
  5. Add suffix

Section 3 of 8Compare

Naming prefixes
CarbonsPrefix
1meth-
2eth-
3prop-
4but-
5pent-
6hex-
Functional groups
FamilyGroupSuffix/example
Alcohol–OH-ol, ethanol
Aldehyde–CHO-al, ethanal
KetoneC=O (in chain)-one, propanone
Carboxylic acid–COOH-oic acid, ethanoic acid
Ester–COO–-oate, ethyl ethanoate
Amine–NH2-amine, methylamine
Halide–Xchloro-, chloromethane
Key reactions
ReactionTypical ofExample
SubstitutionAlkanes (with halogens, UV)CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
AdditionAlkenesC2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2
EsterificationAcid + alcohol→ ester + water
CombustionAll hydrocarbons→ CO2 + H2O
PolymerisationAlkenesn C2H4 → polyethene

Section 4 of 8Worked examples

  1. Name CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3.

Section 5 of 8Keep going

Organic chemistry EST Chemistry: what to do next

These Organic chemistry EST Chemistry notes covered the key ideas, worked examples and exam technique for this topic. Check your Organic chemistry EST Chemistry understanding with the practice questions below, then reread any Organic chemistry EST Chemistry point you were unsure about before moving on.

1
Practice: Organic chemistry EST Chemistry practice questions
2
Previous lesson: 7.1 Inorganic chemistry
3
Next lesson: 7.3 Environmental chemistry
4
Course: EST 2 Chemistry — all units
5
Official syllabus: OpenStax free science textbooks

Organic chemistry EST Chemistry revision notes

Section 6 of 8Key terms

Section 7 of 8Command terms

Command terms
Identify / Describe (FRQ)
A short, specific statement; describing requires relevant characteristics, not a single word.
Explain / Justify (FRQ)
Give the cause-and-effect reasoning or evidence; a restated fact does not score.
Calculate
Show setup, substitution and the answer with units.
Predict
State the expected outcome; add a reason only if asked to justify.
MCQ technique
Read every option; eliminate distractors that are true statements but do not answer the question; watch for NOT/EXCEPT.

Section 8 of 8Exam technique

Keywords the mark scheme looks for in this lesson

Keywords the mark scheme looks for in this lesson
Hydrocarbon · Alkane · Alkene · Alkyne · Functional group · Isomers · Polymer · Aromatic
Learn each definition in the Key words tab exactly; a missing keyword in a definition usually loses the mark.

How to get full marks (examiner guidance)

1
Answer exactly what is asked; extra correct material does not earn credit, and contradictory statements can cancel credit (AP FRQ).
2
Use precise vocabulary (e.g. “active site”, “concentration gradient”, “allele”), never “it/stuff/things”.
3
Show units and working in calculations.
4
In MCQs, predict the answer before reading the options, then eliminate.

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