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Lesson 1

Lesson 1: Types of RNA, Genetic Code and Protein Translation

Lesson parts

1.1 Two main groupsTwo main groups1.1

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1.2 One building plan for thousands of proteinsOne building plan for thousands of proteins1.2

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1.3 Worked example 1 — counting bondsWorked example 1 — counting bonds1.3

1.4 RNA: structure and difference from DNARNA: structure and difference from DNA1.4

1.5 Worked example 2 — identify the nucleic acidWorked example 2 — identify the nucleic acid1.5

1.6 Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transcriptionMessenger RNA (mRNA) and transcription1.6

1.7 Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)1.7

1.8 Transfer RNA (tRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA)1.8

1.9 ComparisonComparison1.9

1.10 Worked example 3 — transcriptionWorked example 3 — transcription1.10

1.11 Why a triplet code?Why a triplet code?1.11

1.12 Properties of the codeProperties of the code1.12

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1.13 The codon table (mRNA, read 5′→3′; for reference)The codon table (mRNA, read 5′→3′; for reference)1.13

1.14 Counting rulesCounting rules1.14

1.15 Worked example 4 — translateWorked example 4 — translate1.15

1.16 Worked example 5 — from DNA to proteinWorked example 5 — from DNA to protein1.16

1.17 Worked example 6 — a gene of 150 base pairsWorked example 6 — a gene of 150 base pairs1.17

1.18 Worked example 7 — the effect of a mutationWorked example 7 — the effect of a mutation1.18

1.19 InitiationInitiation1.19

1.20 ElongationElongation1.20

1.21 TerminationTermination1.21

1.22 PolyribosomesPolyribosomes1.22

1.23 The whole pathwayThe whole pathway1.23

1.24 Worked example 8 — number of peptide bondsWorked example 8 — number of peptide bonds1.24

1.25 Worked example 9 — why polysomes?Worked example 9 — why polysomes?1.25