IGCSE, Edexcel, IB and AP Science Courses | Dr Dabour Hub Academy

1.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 18.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 26, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 26, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

2.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 40, time for 4 cycles = 9.67 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 40, time for 4 cycles = 13.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 40, time for 4 cycles = 9.67 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 9.67 min

3.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 18, time for 9 cycles = 28.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 256, time for 9 cycles = 28.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 39 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 19.5 min

4.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 67, time for 6 cycles = 36 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 36, time for 6 cycles = 3 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 67, time for 6 cycles = 3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 192, time for 6 cycles = 18 min

5.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 32 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 4101, time for 12 cycles = 32 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 32 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 120, time for 12 cycles = 32 min

6.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 30 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 2.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 128, time for 6 cycles = 15 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 128, time for 6 cycles = 2.5 min

7.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 512, time for 8 cycles = 23.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 32, time for 8 cycles = 2.92 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 46.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 258, time for 8 cycles = 46.7 min

8.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1026, time for 10 cycles = 30 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 15 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 15 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 1.5 min

9.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 513, time for 9 cycles = 2.08 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 256, time for 9 cycles = 2.08 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 18.8 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 256, time for 9 cycles = 37.5 min

10.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 2051, time for 11 cycles = 18.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 66, time for 11 cycles = 36.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 66, time for 11 cycles = 29.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 18.3 min

11.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 192, time for 6 cycles = 18 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 67, time for 6 cycles = 12 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 192, time for 6 cycles = 12 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 192, time for 6 cycles = 2 min

12.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 12288, time for 12 cycles = 38 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 12288, time for 12 cycles = 2.17 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 6144, time for 12 cycles = 38 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 12288, time for 12 cycles = 26 min

13.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 10 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 2.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 14 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 26, time for 4 cycles = 14 min

14.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 17, time for 4 cycles = 8 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 12 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 17, time for 4 cycles = 8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 8 min

15.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 12288, time for 12 cycles = 18 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 12288, time for 12 cycles = 18 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 4099, time for 12 cycles = 18 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 12288, time for 12 cycles = 18 min

16.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 20 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 20, time for 10 cycles = 2 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 512, time for 10 cycles = 30 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 20 min

17.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 42, time for 7 cycles = 15.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 192, time for 7 cycles = 15.2 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 192, time for 7 cycles = 2.17 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 384, time for 7 cycles = 15.2 min

18.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 2560, time for 10 cycles = 37.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 100, time for 10 cycles = 37.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 27.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 27.5 min

19.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 33.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 512, time for 8 cycles = 16.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 32, time for 8 cycles = 24.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 32, time for 8 cycles = 16.7 min

20.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 20 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 30 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 2560, time for 10 cycles = 2 min

21.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 25 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 25 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 50 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1026, time for 10 cycles = 50 min

22.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 17, time for 4 cycles = 2.42 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 17, time for 4 cycles = 19.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 9.67 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 9.67 min

23.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 1.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 74, time for 6 cycles = 14 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 8 min

24.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 37.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 18.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 2.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 26.7 min

25.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 40960, time for 12 cycles = 22 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 40960, time for 12 cycles = 22 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 4106, time for 12 cycles = 22 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 4106, time for 12 cycles = 44 min

26.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 2.58 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 24, time for 6 cycles = 15.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 128, time for 6 cycles = 15.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 128, time for 6 cycles = 2.58 min

27.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 27 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 18 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 18 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 18 min

28.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 120, time for 12 cycles = 27 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 54 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 10240, time for 12 cycles = 27 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 27 min

29.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 384, time for 7 cycles = 12.8 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 42, time for 7 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 42, time for 7 cycles = 1.83 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 384, time for 7 cycles = 25.7 min

30.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 128, time for 8 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 16, time for 8 cycles = 40 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 28 min

31.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 320, time for 5 cycles = 14.2 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 100, time for 5 cycles = 14.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 320, time for 5 cycles = 19.2 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 100, time for 5 cycles = 28.3 min

32.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 640, time for 7 cycles = 14.6 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 640, time for 7 cycles = 14.6 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 133, time for 7 cycles = 29.2 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 320, time for 7 cycles = 29.2 min

33.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 44, time for 11 cycles = 36.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 4096, time for 11 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 4096, time for 11 cycles = 36.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 44, time for 11 cycles = 2.33 min

34.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 15 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 18, time for 9 cycles = 1.67 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 15 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 513, time for 9 cycles = 15 min

35.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 16 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 18, time for 4 cycles = 16 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 32, time for 4 cycles = 8 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 8 min

36.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 128, time for 7 cycles = 12.8 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 64, time for 7 cycles = 1.83 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 64, time for 7 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 128, time for 7 cycles = 12.8 min

37.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 40, time for 10 cycles = 1.92 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 19.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 1.92 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 19.2 min

38.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 192, time for 6 cycles = 2.58 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 192, time for 6 cycles = 15.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 67, time for 6 cycles = 15.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 67, time for 6 cycles = 31 min

39.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 19.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 1025, time for 10 cycles = 29.2 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 19.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 1025, time for 10 cycles = 1.92 min

40.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 1.67 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 32, time for 6 cycles = 10 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 10 min

41.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 2.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 257, time for 8 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 40 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 20 min

42.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 100, time for 5 cycles = 21.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 42, time for 5 cycles = 2.17 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 320, time for 5 cycles = 10.8 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 320, time for 5 cycles = 10.8 min

43.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 29.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 34, time for 5 cycles = 19.6 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 64, time for 5 cycles = 14.6 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 14.6 min

44.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 2048, time for 12 cycles = 30 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 4096, time for 12 cycles = 1.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 4096, time for 12 cycles = 18 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 4096, time for 12 cycles = 30 min

45.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 2.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 26, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 2.33 min

46.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 100, time for 10 cycles = 43.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 21.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 2560, time for 10 cycles = 21.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 5120, time for 10 cycles = 21.7 min

47.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 48, time for 4 cycles = 22.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 24, time for 4 cycles = 15.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 48, time for 4 cycles = 11.3 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 48, time for 4 cycles = 2.83 min

48.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 1025, time for 10 cycles = 53.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 20, time for 10 cycles = 2.67 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 26.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 2.67 min

49.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 60, time for 6 cycles = 12.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 320, time for 6 cycles = 12.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 320, time for 6 cycles = 25 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 69, time for 6 cycles = 2.08 min

50.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 261, time for 8 cycles = 2.67 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 80, time for 8 cycles = 21.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 21.3 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 640, time for 8 cycles = 2.67 min

51.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 18, time for 9 cycles = 31.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 256, time for 9 cycles = 45 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 22.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 513, time for 9 cycles = 31.5 min

52.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 5.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 5.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 8, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 17, time for 4 cycles = 10.7 min

53.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 1.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 5.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 16, time for 4 cycles = 10.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 8, time for 4 cycles = 1.33 min

54.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 259, time for 8 cycles = 2.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 768, time for 8 cycles = 18.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 384, time for 8 cycles = 37.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 768, time for 8 cycles = 26.7 min

55.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 32 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 32 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 320, time for 6 cycles = 22 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 16 min

56.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 18.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 2.33 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 9.33 min

57.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 180, time for 9 cycles = 1.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 5120, time for 9 cycles = 13.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 5120, time for 9 cycles = 1.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 180, time for 9 cycles = 22.5 min

58.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 2058, time for 11 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 220, time for 11 cycles = 25.7 min

59.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 1536, time for 9 cycles = 22.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 768, time for 9 cycles = 31.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 1536, time for 9 cycles = 31.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 768, time for 9 cycles = 2.5 min

60.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 34.8 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 69.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 34.8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 34.8 min

61.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 256, time for 7 cycles = 2.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 256, time for 7 cycles = 24.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 256, time for 7 cycles = 17.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 256, time for 7 cycles = 35 min

62.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 2051, time for 11 cycles = 42.2 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 2051, time for 11 cycles = 62.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 31.2 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 6144, time for 11 cycles = 2.83 min

63.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 16.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 16.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 36, time for 9 cycles = 16.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 16.5 min

64.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 14 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 2.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 640, time for 6 cycles = 14 min

65.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 18.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 18.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 40, time for 10 cycles = 28.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 1026, time for 10 cycles = 28.3 min

66.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 1024, time for 9 cycles = 21 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 36, time for 9 cycles = 42 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 512, time for 9 cycles = 42 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 514, time for 9 cycles = 21 min

67.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 10, time for 5 cycles = 15.8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 31.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 15.8 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 3.17 min

68.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 18 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 9 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 26, time for 4 cycles = 18 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 9 min

69.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1026, time for 10 cycles = 2.17 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 21.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 43.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 21.7 min

70.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 24, time for 12 cycles = 2.67 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 4097, time for 12 cycles = 2.67 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 4096, time for 12 cycles = 32 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 4096, time for 12 cycles = 32 min

71.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 128, time for 6 cycles = 14 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 64, time for 6 cycles = 20 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 24, time for 6 cycles = 14 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 128, time for 6 cycles = 14 min

72.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 32, time for 4 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 32, time for 4 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 18, time for 4 cycles = 6.67 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 32, time for 4 cycles = 6.67 min

73.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 10240, time for 10 cycles = 21.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1034, time for 10 cycles = 2.17 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 200, time for 10 cycles = 31.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 10240, time for 10 cycles = 43.3 min

74.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 10240, time for 11 cycles = 44 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 22 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 220, time for 11 cycles = 2 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 2058, time for 11 cycles = 2 min

75.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 1280, time for 7 cycles = 11.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 140, time for 7 cycles = 11.7 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 1280, time for 7 cycles = 11.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 1280, time for 7 cycles = 23.3 min

76.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 90, time for 9 cycles = 42 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 21 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 90, time for 9 cycles = 21 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 30 min

77.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 60, time for 6 cycles = 25 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 6 cycles = 320, time for 6 cycles = 19 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 6 cycles = 160, time for 6 cycles = 38 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 6 cycles = 320, time for 6 cycles = 19 min

78.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 16, time for 8 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 16, time for 8 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 256, time for 8 cycles = 26.7 min

79.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 37, time for 5 cycles = 23.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 80, time for 5 cycles = 23.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 37, time for 5 cycles = 16.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 160, time for 5 cycles = 11.7 min

80.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 40960, time for 12 cycles = 29 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 4106, time for 12 cycles = 41 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 12 cycles = 40960, time for 12 cycles = 2.42 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 4106, time for 12 cycles = 29 min

81.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 384, time for 7 cycles = 2 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 42, time for 7 cycles = 14 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 384, time for 7 cycles = 14 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 131, time for 7 cycles = 28 min

82.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 220, time for 11 cycles = 22 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 10240, time for 11 cycles = 2 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 22 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 22 min

83.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 10 cycles = 40, time for 10 cycles = 35 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 2048, time for 10 cycles = 17.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 35 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 10 cycles = 1024, time for 10 cycles = 17.5 min

84.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 80, time for 4 cycles = 11 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 160, time for 4 cycles = 11 min

85.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 48, time for 5 cycles = 12.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 35, time for 5 cycles = 12.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 96, time for 5 cycles = 12.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 96, time for 5 cycles = 12.5 min

86.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 160, time for 5 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 80, time for 5 cycles = 8.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 160, time for 5 cycles = 8.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 50, time for 5 cycles = 8.33 min

87.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 5120, time for 9 cycles = 1.83 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 25.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 5120, time for 9 cycles = 16.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 33 min

88.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 768, time for 8 cycles = 20.7 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 768, time for 8 cycles = 41.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 48, time for 8 cycles = 2.58 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 768, time for 8 cycles = 20.7 min

89.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 2 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 8.33 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 64, time for 5 cycles = 13.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 64, time for 5 cycles = 8.33 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 34, time for 5 cycles = 13.3 min

90.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 23.8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 34.8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 11 cycles = 2058, time for 11 cycles = 23.8 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 11 cycles = 20480, time for 11 cycles = 23.8 min

91.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 517, time for 9 cycles = 57 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 37.5 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 9 cycles = 90, time for 9 cycles = 28.5 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 28.5 min

92.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 90, time for 9 cycles = 18.8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 37.5 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 9 cycles = 2560, time for 9 cycles = 18.8 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 9 cycles = 90, time for 9 cycles = 27.8 min

93.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 10 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 7 cycles = 640, time for 7 cycles = 25.7 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 138, time for 7 cycles = 19.8 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 7 cycles = 1280, time for 7 cycles = 12.8 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 7 cycles = 1280, time for 7 cycles = 12.8 min

94.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 1 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 32, time for 5 cycles = 10 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 5 cycles = 16, time for 5 cycles = 20 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 5 cycles = 33, time for 5 cycles = 15 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 5 cycles = 10, time for 5 cycles = 10 min

95.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 72 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 48 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 36 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 12 cycles = 20480, time for 12 cycles = 3 min

96.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 5 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 80, time for 8 cycles = 25.3 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 17.3 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 8 cycles = 1280, time for 8 cycles = 17.3 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 8 cycles = 80, time for 8 cycles = 34.7 min

97.

The graph shows the temperature profile of two PCR cycles, starting with 3 DNA molecule(s). Which option is correct?

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 24, time for 4 cycles = 18 min

step X: denaturation, copies after 4 cycles = 19, time for 4 cycles = 13 min

step X: extension by Taq polymerase, copies after 4 cycles = 48, time for 4 cycles = 9 min

step X: primer annealing, copies after 4 cycles = 19, time for 4 cycles = 9 min

Curriculum

Biology & Geology

Chapter 1 - Support and Movement in Living Organisms

Chapter 2 - Hormonal Coordination in Living Organisms

Chapter 3 - Reproduction in Living Organisms

Chapter 4 - Immunity in Living Organisms

Chapter 5 - Molecular Biology - DNA Structure and Function

Chapter 6 - Molecular Biology - RNA, Protein Synthesis and Genetic Engineering

Chapter 7 - Geology, Earth Sciences and Ecology

Lesson 2: Recombinant DNA, Gene Cloning, PCR and Genetic Engineering — Picture questions (exam style)