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Lesson 1

Lesson 1: Types of RNA, Genetic Code and Protein Translation

Lesson parts

1.1 Two main groupsTwo main groups1.1

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1.2 One building plan for thousands of proteinsOne building plan for thousands of proteins1.2

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1.3 Worked example 1 — counting bondsWorked example 1 — counting bonds1.3

1.4 RNA: structure and difference from DNARNA: structure and difference from DNA1.4

1.5 Worked example 2 — identify the nucleic acidWorked example 2 — identify the nucleic acid1.5

1.6 Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transcriptionMessenger RNA (mRNA) and transcription1.6

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1.7 Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)1.7

1.8 Transfer RNA (tRNA)Transfer RNA (tRNA)1.8

1.9 ComparisonComparison1.9

1.10 Worked example 3 — transcriptionWorked example 3 — transcription1.10

1.11 Why a triplet code?Why a triplet code?1.11

1.12 Properties of the codeProperties of the code1.12

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1.13 The codon table (mRNA, read 5′→3′; for reference)The codon table (mRNA, read 5′→3′; for reference)1.13

1.14 Counting rulesCounting rules1.14

1.15 Worked example 4 — translateWorked example 4 — translate1.15

1.16 Worked example 5 — from DNA to proteinWorked example 5 — from DNA to protein1.16

1.17 Worked example 6 — a gene of 150 base pairsWorked example 6 — a gene of 150 base pairs1.17

1.18 Worked example 7 — the effect of a mutationWorked example 7 — the effect of a mutation1.18

1.19 InitiationInitiation1.19

1.20 ElongationElongation1.20

1.21 TerminationTermination1.21

1.22 PolyribosomesPolyribosomes1.22

1.23 The whole pathwayThe whole pathway1.23

1.24 Worked example 8 — number of peptide bondsWorked example 8 — number of peptide bonds1.24

1.25 Worked example 9 — why polysomes?Worked example 9 — why polysomes?1.25