Lesson 1: Galvanic Cells, Standard Hydrogen Electrode and Electrochemical Series — Lesson quiz

Physiological support involves permanent deposition of lignin in stone cells

Structural support relies solely on turgor pressure of living parenchyma

Both physiological and structural supports disappear immediately when the plant wilts

Physiological support is temporary and completely dependent on water uptake into vacuoles via osmosis, while structural support is permanent via deposition of cellulose, lignin, or suberin

Cross-bridges pull actin filaments outward away from the M-line

During sarcomere contraction, actin filaments slide over myosin filaments; the I-band and H-zone shorten, while the A-band length remains strictly constant

Both A-band and myosin filaments shrink by 50% in length

Z-lines move away from each other as the muscle contracts

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin to lower blood glucose by stimulating cellular uptake and glycogen synthesis, while alpha cells secrete glucagon to raise blood glucose by glycogenolysis

Insulin stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose

Alpha cells secrete insulin to elevate blood glucose levels

Glucagon is secreted by the adrenal cortex under stress

Female worker bees develop parthenogenetically without fertilization

Drones produce sperm cells by meiotic division

The queen honeybee produces haploid drones (males, n) from unfertilized eggs via parthenogenesis, whereas diploid worker and queen females (2n) arise from fertilized eggs

Male drones arise from fertilized diploid zygotes (2n)