Lesson 4: Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Benzene Chemistry — Lesson quiz

Scandium (Sc: 21) exhibits stable oxidation states of +1, +2, and +3

Both Chromium and Copper have fully filled 4s2 orbitals

Chromium (Cr: 24) has an anomalous configuration [Ar] 4s1 3d5 to achieve half-filled d-subshell stability, and Copper (Cu: 29) is [Ar] 4s1 3d10 for completely filled d-subshell stability

Zinc (Zn: 30) is considered a typical transition element in all its compounds

Increasing pressure on an equilibrium mixture shifts the reaction toward the side with fewer moles of gas, without changing the equilibrium constant (Kc)

Decreasing volume increases the value of Kp for any reaction

Adding a catalyst shifts the equilibrium position toward products

Increasing temperature always increases the value of Kc for exothermic reactions

The standard hydrogen electrode uses pure copper wire without platinum black

SHE can only act as an anode and never as a cathode

SHE potential changes to 1.00 V when connected to Zinc

SHE has an arbitrarily defined standard potential E° = 0.00 V under standard conditions (1 atm H₂ gas, 1.0 M H⁺ solution, 298 K)

Addition occurs with the halogen attaching to the terminal methyl group

When an asymmetric reagent (HX) adds to an asymmetric alkene, the positive hydrogen ion attaches to the double-bonded carbon with more hydrogen atoms, while the halide adds to the more substituted carbon

Hydrogen always attaches to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms

Markovnikov's rule applies exclusively to symmetrical alkynes like ethyne