
Matrix operations
Point 2 of 5 — Determinants, Matrices and Solving Linear EquationsQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
02 Matrix operations
Addition and scalar multiplication
- Matrices of the same order are added entry by entry: (A + B)ij = aij + bij.
- Scalar multiplication multiplies every entry: (kA)ij = k·aij.
- Different orders cannot be added: a 2×3 plus a 3×2 is undefined.
Multiplication
- A (m×n) can multiply B (n×p) only when the inner dimensions agree; the product is m×p.
- Entry (i, j) of AB = row i of A · column j of B.
- Example: [[1, 2], [3, 4]] × [[2, 0], [1, 5]] = [[1·2 + 2·1, 1·0 + 2·5], [3·2 + 4·1, 3·0 + 4·5]] = [[4, 10], [10, 20]].
- Matrix multiplication is not commutative: AB ≠ BA in general.
Transpose and identity
- Aᵀ is formed by turning rows into columns; (AB)ᵀ = BᵀAᵀ.
- The identity matrix I has 1s on the diagonal and 0s elsewhere, and AI = IA = A.
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