Point 12 of 12 — Lesson 2: Recombinant DNA, Gene Cloning, PCR and Genetic EngineeringQuestion bank: 32 questions (32 with pictures)
13Final recap
Proteins are structural or regulatory, built from 20 amino acids joined by peptide bonds. 2. RNA has ribose, is usually single-stranded and contains uracil. 3. mRNA is made by RNA polymerase from a promoter on the template strand; rRNA forms ribosomes in the nucleolus; tRNA carries amino acids and has an anticodon and a CCA end. 4. The code is a triplet, degenerate, universal, with AUG start and UAA/UAG/UGA stop. 5. Translation: initiation (small subunit, AUG, Met-tRNA, large subunit), elongation (A site binding, peptide bond, translocation), termination (stop codon, releasing factor); many ribosomes on one mRNA form a polysome. 6. Tools: hybridisation, restriction enzymes + ligase, plasmid cloning, reverse transcriptase, PCR → recombinant DNA products such as insulin and interferon. 7. The Human Genome Project (1990–2003) mapped about 25,000 genes and helps in medicine and evolution studies.
📝 Question bank for this point
32 questions linked to this point only, 32 of them with pictures.
