Point 4 of 7 — Lesson 4: Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Benzene ChemistryQuestion bank: 1 questions (1 with pictures)
04Nomenclature of benzene derivatives
Mono-substituted: the name of the group followed by "benzene": chlorobenzene C₆H₅Cl, nitrobenzene C₆H₅NO₂, ethylbenzene, methylbenzene (toluene), hydroxybenzene (phenol), aminobenzene (aniline). The radical derived by removing one H from benzene is the phenylradical C₆H₅– (an aryl radical, Ar–).
Di-substituted: three isomers, named byortho (o-, positions 1,2), meta (m-, 1,3)andpara (p-, 1,4)or by numbers: o-dichlorobenzene = 1,2-dichlorobenzene; m-xylene = 1,3-dimethylbenzene; p-nitrotoluene = 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.
Tri- or poly-substituted: use numbers only; number so that the sum of numbers is the lowest, and list substituents alphabetically: e.g. 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid).
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