Point 1 of 8 — Lesson 16: European Intervention, the London Settlement (1840) and the Fall of MonopolyQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
01European intervention
The peace of Kütahya (1833)
Muhammad Ali's wars in the Levant ended with the expansion of the Egyptian state: his influence stretchedbetween the Levant and Adana.
His authority overCrete and most of Arabia and the Hejazwas recognised under thepeace of Kütahya (1833).
The secret Ottoman–Russian agreement
After Kütahya the sultan concluded asecret agreement with Russia (July 1833).
It was adefensive and offensive treaty by which each party helped the other against external or internal danger.
Muhammad Ali's attempt to declare independence
He resolved to declarecomplete independence from the Ottoman authority and confided his intention to the consuls of the European states (1834) — whowarned him offthe step.
He renewed his resolve in1838 because of the sultan's intrigues against his rule in the Levant, but the European powers again did not encourage him, fearing the growth of his influence and power and the danger it posed to the international balance.
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