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European intervention

European intervention

Point 1 of 8 — Lesson 16: European Intervention, the London Settlement (1840) and the Fall of MonopolyQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)

01European intervention

The peace of Kütahya (1833)

  • Muhammad Ali's wars in the Levant ended with the expansion of the Egyptian state: his influence stretched between the Levant and Adana.
  • His authority over Crete and most of Arabia and the Hejaz was recognised under the peace of Kütahya (1833).

The secret Ottoman–Russian agreement

  • After Kütahya the sultan concluded a secret agreement with Russia (July 1833).
  • It was a defensive and offensive treaty by which each party helped the other against external or internal danger.

Muhammad Ali's attempt to declare independence

  • He resolved to declare complete independence from the Ottoman authority and confided his intention to the consuls of the European states (1834) — who warned him off the step.
  • He renewed his resolve in 1838 because of the sultan's intrigues against his rule in the Levant, but the European powers again did not encourage him, fearing the growth of his influence and power and the danger it posed to the international balance.

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