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2-7 Pythagoras' theorem and its converse

2-7 Pythagoras' theorem and its converse

Point 7 of 10 — Unit 2: Similarity of Polygons and Triangles, Areas and Circle TheoremsQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)

07 2-7 Pythagoras' theorem and its converse

The theorem

  • In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares on the two legs.
  • Proof from Euclid: AB² + AC² = BD·BC + CD·BC = (BD + CD)·BC = BC².

The converse

  • If the square of the longest side of a triangle equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the triangle is right-angled, and the right angle lies opposite the longest side.
  • Compare instead of computing roots: if c² > a² + b² the angle opposite c is obtuse; if c² < a² + b² it is acute.

Everyday applications

  • Sun shadows: light rays are parallel, so a person and his shadow form a triangle similar to that of a building and its shadow — heights are found from the ratio of shadows.
  • Ladders, diagonals of screens and fields, and the distance between two points on a grid.

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