Eighth: climate change and its effects on Egypt

Egypt and the world face an existential environmental challenge in climate change caused by carbon emissions and global warming. The main expected effects on Egypt are:

• Coasts and Delta: melting polar ice raises the level of the Mediterranean, threatening submergence of parts of the sandy beaches of Alexandria and Port Said and the salinization of the fertile farmland of the northern Delta.
• Water resources and the Nile: fluctuation of rainfall over the Ethiopian Plateau and the equatorial sources demands strict anticipatory management of the water stock in Lake Nasser.
• Agricultural production: higher temperatures raise evaporation, reduce the yield of winter crops such as wheat, and increase the demand for irrigation water.