Point 4 of 6 — The Greenhouse Effect, the Carbon Footprint and Sustainable SolutionsQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
04Consequences of a warming climate
Sea-level rise of 0.15–0.20 m since 1900, from thermal expansion and melting ice, threatening low-lying coasts and deltas, including the Nile Delta, and pushing salt water into the aquifer.
Changes in the water cycle: wet regions wetter, dry regions drier, more evaporation from reservoirs, and a higher probability of both flash floods and drought.
Agriculture: heat stress shortens the grain-filling period of wheat and maize, and higher CO₂ raises yield only where water and nutrients are not limiting.
Ecosystems: coral bleaching above 1–2 °C of warming, shifting of species ranges, and loss of the least mobile ones; the more diverse an ecosystem, the better it resists change.
Health: heat stroke, wider distribution of vector-borne disease, and reduced air quality as warm nights increase ozone formation.
Cryosphere: glaciers retreat first, reducing dry-season river flow, before they disappear altogether.
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