Point 6 of 7 — Lesson 29: The First World War, the Great Arab Revolt and the Sykes-Picot AgreementQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
06The Sykes-Picot agreement (1916)
The plot exposed
While the Arab forces under Prince Faisal bin Hussein were winning victories in Syria, a wide-scale plot against the Arabs came to light.
Bolshevik (communist) Russia, after leaving the war following the Bolshevik revolution, leaked the texts of a triple agreementmade byTzarist Russia with England and France to divide the Ottoman state's possessions.
Bolshevik Russiadeclared its rejection of this plot, so what remained was an agreement between England and France only, known asSykes–Picot.
Its clauses: dividing the Fertile Crescent
Point of comparison
France
England
What each obtained
Southern Anatolia including Adana and Alexandretta; the Syrian coast (west of Aleppo, Homs and Damascus) up to northern Iraq including Mosul
Iraq (the provinces of Basra and Baghdad); parts of southern Syria up to the eastern frontier of the Sinai Peninsula; Haifa and Acre
An international regime was to be established in Palestine.
The desert Arab region was divided between Iraq and Syria into two spheres of influence: one British and one French.
Implementing the agreement
Prince Faisal prevented the Arab forces from entering Beirut, andEngland allowed France to land its troops there and the Arab flag that had been raised was hauled down.
Despite the efforts ofSharif Hussein (king of the Hejaz) to win the members of the Peace Conference to the cause of Arab independence, he and his sonsFaisal and Abdullah met the most stubborn attitudes.
The Allies held aconference at San Remo (1920)which decided torevise Sykes–Picot so that the whole of Iraq and Palestine should be under a British mandate and Syria and Lebanon under a French mandate.
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