1
The n-th term of an arithmetic sequence with first term a and common difference d is given by:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: General term of AP: T_n = a + (n - 1)d, where a is first term and d is constant common difference.
2
In the arithmetic sequence (3, 7, 11, 15, ...), the common difference d and the 20th term (T_20) are respectively:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: d = 7 - 3 = 4. T_20 = 3 + (20 - 1)*4 = 3 + 19*4 = 3 + 76 = 79.
3
The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence (S_n) is formulated as:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: Sum of AP formula: S_n = (n/2)[2a + (n-1)d] or (n/2)(first + last).
4
The common ratio r of the geometric sequence (64, 32, 16, 8, ...) is:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: Common ratio r = 32 / 64 = 1/2.
5
The sum to infinity (S_infinity) of a geometric series exists and converges if and only if the common ratio satisfies:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: Convergence condition for infinite geometric series: |r| < 1; sum is S = a / (1 - r).
6
The sum to infinity of the geometric series 12 + 6 + 3 + 1.5 + ... equals:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: a = 12, r = 1/2. S_infinity = 12 / (1 - 1/2) = 12 / 0.5 = 24.
7
If a, b, c form an arithmetic sequence, then the arithmetic mean b equals:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: In AP: b - a = c - b => 2b = a + c => b = (a + c) / 2.
8
If a, b, c form a geometric sequence of positive real numbers, the geometric mean b equals:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: In GP: b / a = c / b => b^2 = a * c => b = sqrt(a * c) for positive numbers.
9
The sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ... equals:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: a = 2, r = 3. S_10 = 2 * (3^10 - 1) / (3 - 1) = 2 * (59049 - 1) / 2 = 59,048.
10
The number of terms in the finite arithmetic sequence (5, 9, 13, ..., 81) is:
Interpretation, solution and typical proof: T_n = 5 + (n - 1)*4 = 81 => (n - 1)*4 = 76 => n - 1 = 19 => n = 20 terms.