BIOLOGY · Stage 7 · Chapter 1: Classification and Life
Biology 1.11 Chapter 1 Review: Classification and Life
5 min read 6 parts Lesson 11 of 11
Lesson summary
1.11 Chapter 1 Review: Classification and Life — Alhussan International Academy — Biology (Stages 7–9) notes: Review the seven life processes, the classification of animals and plants, keys, viruses and modern classification.Movement — living organisms move their bodies or parts …
- Respiration
- Sensitivity
- Reproduction
- Seven levels
- Binomial name
- Dichotomous key
Section 1 of 6Seven life processes
- Movement
- living organisms move their bodies or parts of their bodies.
- Respiration
- the chemical release of energy from food in cells.
- It is different from breathing, which is moving air in and out of the lungs.
- Sensitivity
- living organisms detect and respond to changes around them.
- Growth
- living organisms increase in size and develop.
- Reproduction
- living organisms produce offspring.
- Excretion
- living organisms remove waste products of their chemical reactions.
- Nutrition
- living organisms take in or make the food they need.
Section 2 of 6Species and the levels of classification
- Seven levels
- kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, from the largest group to the smallest.
- Species = a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
- Two different species cannot breed to produce fertile offspring.
- Binomial name
- each species has a two-part Latin name.
- The genus comes first with a capital letter, then the species in lower case.
Section 3 of 6Invertebrate and vertebrate groups
| Group | Key identifying features |
|---|---|
| Arthropods | Exoskeleton, jointed legs, segmented body |
| Insects | Six legs, three body sections |
| Arachnids | Eight legs, two body sections |
| Fish | Gills, wet scales |
| Amphibians | Moist skin, metamorphosis |
| Reptiles | Dry scales, leathery eggs |
| Birds | Feathers, hard-shelled eggs |
| Mammals | Fur, milk, mostly live young |
Section 4 of 6Plant groups
| Group | Key identifying features |
|---|---|
| Mosses and ferns | Reproduce by spores |
| Conifers and flowering plants | Reproduce by seeds, in cones or in fruits |
- Ferns
- large non-flowering plants with stems, roots and leaves called fronds that carry spores on the underside.
Section 5 of 6Keys and yeast
1Dichotomous key2 points
- paired statements about observable features lead step by step to the identity of a specimen.
- A good key uses counts or measurements instead of vague words.
2Yeast is alive2 points
- dried yeast given sugar, water and warmth produces carbon dioxide by fermentation.
- The independent variable, for example temperature, is changed and all other variables are controlled.
Section 6 of 6Viruses and modern classification
1Viruses3 points
- genetic material inside a protein coat, with no cells.
- They replicate only inside a host cell, so they are on the borderline of life.
- Antibiotics do not treat viral infections.
2Modern classification2 points
- DNA evidence is added to appearance.
- Relationships are shown in evolutionary trees.
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