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10.4Unit 5: Metals, non-metals, acids and alkalis

Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 6 parts Lesson 4 of 6 1 quiz

📚 Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Hub / Topical Revision
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Lesson summary

10.4 Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures — CHECKPOINT (CHEMISTRY) notes: Use differences in properties to separate mixtures by evaporation, distillation, filtration and magnetism.Mixture = different substances that are not combined chemicallySeparation — uses a…

  • Solution of a soluble solid
  • Why it works
  • Result — the water evaporates and the copper sulfate is left in the evaporating dish
  • Heat the mixture of water and food dye until the water boils
  • The steam travels along the tube into the condenser
  • Cold water around the outside of the condenser cools the steam

Section 1 of 6Mixtures and properties

  • Mixture = different substances that are not combined chemically
  • Separation
    • uses a difference in the properties of the substances
    • Iron is magnetic and sulfur is not, so a magnet separates them.

Section 2 of 6Evaporation

  • Solution of a soluble solid
    • copper sulfate in water left in a warm room loses its water by evaporation
  • Result
    • the water evaporates and the copper sulfate is left in the evaporating dish

Section 3 of 6Distillation

  1. Heat the mixture of water and food dye until the water boils.
  2. The steam travels along the tube into the condenser.
  3. Cold water around the outside of the condenser cools the steam.
  4. The steam condenses and pure water collects in a beaker.
  • Food dye
    • remains in the heated container
  • Why it works
    • water and food dye have different boiling points
  • Use
    • separates two liquids or a liquid from a dissolved solid

Section 4 of 6Filtration

  • Use
    • separates an insoluble solid from a liquid, e.g. sand from salty water
  • Residue
    • the sand stays on the filter paper because its particles are too big to pass through
  • Filtrate
    • the clear salty water passes through
  • Care
    • pour slowly and do not stir the paper with a pencil because it tears easily

Section 5 of 6Separating sandy, salty water

  1. Fold a filter paper into a funnel and place the funnel in a conical flask.
  2. Pour the mixture in slowly and let the sand collect on the paper.
  3. Heat the clear liquid gently in an evaporating basin until it starts to spit, then remove from the heat.
  4. Leave it in a warm place to evaporate and leave the salt.
  • Safety
    • wear safety glasses when heating

Section 6 of 6Separating two solids

  • Method
    • use a difference in properties, e.g. carbon does not dissolve in water but salt does
  • Plan
    • dissolve the salt in water, filter off the carbon, then evaporate the filtrate

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