10.4Unit 5: Metals, non-metals, acids and alkalis
Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions
5 min read 6 parts Lesson 4 of 6 1 quiz
Lesson summary
10.4 Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures — CHECKPOINT (CHEMISTRY) notes: Use differences in properties to separate mixtures by evaporation, distillation, filtration and magnetism.Mixture = different substances that are not combined chemicallySeparation — uses a…
- Solution of a soluble solid
- Why it works
- Result — the water evaporates and the copper sulfate is left in the evaporating dish
- Heat the mixture of water and food dye until the water boils
- The steam travels along the tube into the condenser
- Cold water around the outside of the condenser cools the steam
Section 1 of 6Mixtures and properties
- Mixture = different substances that are not combined chemically
- Separation
- uses a difference in the properties of the substances
- Iron is magnetic and sulfur is not, so a magnet separates them.
Section 2 of 6Evaporation
- Solution of a soluble solid
- copper sulfate in water left in a warm room loses its water by evaporation
- Result
- the water evaporates and the copper sulfate is left in the evaporating dish
Section 3 of 6Distillation
- Heat the mixture of water and food dye until the water boils.
- The steam travels along the tube into the condenser.
- Cold water around the outside of the condenser cools the steam.
- The steam condenses and pure water collects in a beaker.
- Food dye
- remains in the heated container
- Why it works
- water and food dye have different boiling points
- Use
- separates two liquids or a liquid from a dissolved solid
Section 4 of 6Filtration
- Use
- separates an insoluble solid from a liquid, e.g. sand from salty water
- Residue
- the sand stays on the filter paper because its particles are too big to pass through
- Filtrate
- the clear salty water passes through
- Care
- pour slowly and do not stir the paper with a pencil because it tears easily
Section 5 of 6Separating sandy, salty water
- Fold a filter paper into a funnel and place the funnel in a conical flask.
- Pour the mixture in slowly and let the sand collect on the paper.
- Heat the clear liquid gently in an evaporating basin until it starts to spit, then remove from the heat.
- Leave it in a warm place to evaporate and leave the salt.
- Safety
- wear safety glasses when heating
Section 6 of 6Separating two solids
- Method
- use a difference in properties, e.g. carbon does not dissolve in water but salt does
- Plan
- dissolve the salt in water, filter off the carbon, then evaporate the filtrate
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