1.2Biology 01. Structure And Function
Identify and describe the functions of cell structures — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions
5 min read 6 parts Lesson 2 of 12 1 quiz
Lesson summary
1.2 Cell Structures and Their Functions — CHECKPOINT - Lower Secondary Science 0893 notes: Identify the structures of plant and animal cells and describe what each does.Cell membrane — a very thin, flexible layer that controls what goes in and out of the cell.Cytoplasm — a clear …
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Sap vacuole
- Cytoplasm — a clear jelly where the chemical reactions that keep the cell alive happen
- Nucleus — it controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material
- Cell wall — a strong, stiff layer of cellulose outside the membrane that holds the cell in shape
Section 1 of 6Structures in all cells
Structures in all cells
Cell membrane
- Cell membrane a very thin, flexible layer that controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm a clear jelly where the chemical reactions that keep the cell alive happen.
Nucleus
- Nucleus it controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material.
Mitochondria
- Mitochondria they are where energy is released from food in respiration.
Section 2 of 6Structures found only in plant cells
Structures found only in plant cells
Cell wall
- Cell wall a strong, stiff layer of cellulose outside the membrane that holds the cell in shape.
Chloroplasts
- Chloroplasts they contain green chlorophyll and are where photosynthesis happens.
- They are found in cells that receive sunlight, such as leaf cells.
Sap vacuole
- Sap vacuole a large fluid-filled space containing cell sap, a solution of sugars and other substances, which keeps the cell firm.
Section 3 of 6Comparing animal and plant cells
| Structure | Job | Animal cell | Plant cell |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Controls the cell | Yes | Yes |
| Cytoplasm | Reactions happen here | Yes | Yes |
| Cell membrane | Controls entry and exit | Yes | Yes |
| Mitochondria | Respiration | Yes | Yes |
| Cell wall | Support | No | Yes |
| Chloroplasts | Photosynthesis | No | Yes, in green parts |
| Large vacuole | Holds cell sap, keeps the cell firm | No | Yes |
| Shape | Fixed by the cell wall in plants | Irregular | Regular and box-like |
- Shape
- animal cells have no cell wall, so their shape is irregular.
Section 4 of 6Cell wall compared with cell membrane
Cell wall
- Cell wall it is strong and stiff, made of cellulose, and gives support and a fixed shape.
Cell membrane
- Cell membrane it is thin and flexible, like the skin of a soap bubble, and controls what enters and leaves.
Position
- Position the membrane lies along the inner edge of the cell wall in a plant cell.
Section 5 of 6Key terms
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material. |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly where most chemical reactions of the cell happen. |
| Cell membrane | A thin layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Mitochondria | Structures where respiration releases energy from food. |
| Cell wall | A strong layer of cellulose outside the membrane of a plant cell. |
| Chloroplast | A structure with chlorophyll where photosynthesis happens. |
| Sap vacuole | A space filled with cell sap that keeps a plant cell firm. |
Section 6 of 6Exam technique
1
Saying animal cells have a cell wall — only plant cells have a cell wall.
2
Saying respiration happens in the nucleus — it happens in the mitochondria.
3
Saying the cell wall controls what enters the cell — the cell membrane does.
4
Saying all plant cells have chloroplasts — only cells in sunlight, such as leaf cells, usually do.
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