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4.8Chemistry 01. Materials And Their Structure

The Periodic Table orders elements into metals and non metals its… — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 8 parts Lesson 8 of 11 1 quiz

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4.8 The Periodic Table: metals, non-metals, groups and periods — CHECKPOINT - Lower Secondary Science 0893 notes: Describe how the Periodic Table orders the elements into metals and non-metals and how its structure is related to the structure of atoms.Periodic Table — an arrangem…

  • Atomic number
  • Mass number
  • Dividing line
  • Group number
  • Period number
  • Noble gases

Section 1 of 8Structure of the Periodic Table

Structure of the Periodic Table
Periodic Table
  • Periodic Table an arrangement of all 118 known elements so that elements with similar properties are close together.
Periods
  • Periods the rows of the table.
  • Across a period the atoms increase in mass from left to right.
Groups
  • Groups the columns of the table.
  • Elements in the same group have similar properties.

Section 2 of 8Order of the elements

Atomic number
  • Atomic number the elements are arranged in order of atomic number, which is the number of protons.
  • The atomic number increases by one from one element to the next.
Mass number
  • Mass number the number of protons plus neutrons, which generally increases across and down the table.

Section 3 of 8Metals and non-metals

Metals
  • Metals found on the left and in the centre of the table.
Non-metals
  • Non-metals found on the right of the table.
Dividing line
  • Dividing line a stepped line separates the two regions.

Section 4 of 8First twenty elements

PeriodElements
1H, He
2Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne
3Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar
4K, Ca

Section 5 of 8Atomic structure and position in the table

Atomic structure and position in the table
Group number
  • Group number the number of electrons in the outermost shell, so elements in a group react in a similar way.
  • Group 1 elements have one outer electron and Group 7 elements have seven.
Period number
  • Period number the number of occupied electron shells.
Noble gases
  • Noble gases the Group 8 elements have full outer shells and do not react.

Section 6 of 8Chemical symbols

  • Symbol
    • each element has a one- or two-letter symbol.
    • The first letter is a capital and the second is lower case.
    • Some come from other languages, such as Na from natrium and Fe from ferrum.

Section 7 of 8Key terms

TermMeaning
Periodic TableTable of elements arranged by atomic number.
GroupVertical column of elements with similar properties.
PeriodHorizontal row of elements.
Atomic numberNumber of protons in an atom.
MetalElement on the left of the Periodic Table.
Non-metalElement on the right of the Periodic Table.

Section 8 of 8Exam technique

1
The Periodic Table is in alphabetical order — it is ordered by atomic number.
2
Groups are the rows — groups are columns and periods are rows.
3
Elements in a period have similar properties — elements in the same group are similar.
4
The mass number decides the position — the atomic number decides the position.

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