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HIA International — Grade 8

Unit 1: Photosynthesis and the carbon cycle

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Unit 2: Properties of materials

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Unit 3: Forces and energy

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Unit 4: Maintaining life

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Unit 5: Reactivity

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Unit 6: Sound and space

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Unit 7: Genes and inheritance

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Unit 8: Rates of reaction

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Unit 9: Electricity

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Quiz

Checkpoint Grade 8 Unit 6 – 6.3 Structure Of The Earth

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Structure Of The Earth Checkpoint Earth and Space quiz set 2: free practice for Cambridge Checkpoint Earth And Space 0893. Work through this Structure Of The Earth Checkpoint Earth and Space quiz set 2 and get instant feedback on every answer. If you get stuck, review the 5.3 Structure of the Earth lesson. More practice: Cambridge Checkpoint Earth And Space 0893 — all units. Syllabus: Cambridge Lower Secondary programme.

  • Questions count: 50
  • Passing grade: B+
  • Time limit:
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1.
Which statement correctly describes crust?
the thick layer below Earth's crust
Earth's central region
large moving pieces of Earth's crust
Earth's thin outer solid layer
2.
Which term is described as: earth's thin outer solid layer?
mantle
tectonic plates
crust
core
3.
Which statement correctly describes mantle?
Earth's thin outer solid layer
large moving pieces of Earth's crust
the thick layer below Earth's crust
Earth's central region
4.
Which term is described as: the thick layer below Earth's crust?
crust
core
tectonic plates
mantle
5.
Which statement correctly describes core?
Earth's thin outer solid layer
the thick layer below Earth's crust
large moving pieces of Earth's crust
Earth's central region
6.
Which term is described as: earth's central region?
crust
mantle
tectonic plates
core
7.
Which statement correctly describes tectonic plates?
Earth's thin outer solid layer
the thick layer below Earth's crust
Earth's central region
large moving pieces of Earth's crust
8.
Which term is described as: large moving pieces of Earth's crust?
crust
core
tectonic plates
mantle
9.
Which definition should be paired with crust?
large moving pieces of Earth's crust
Earth's thin outer solid layer
the thick layer below Earth's crust
Earth's central region
10.
Which of these is the FIRST step in the correct order?
locate the mantle
relate plates to the crust
identify the thin outer crust
locate the core
11.
Which step comes immediately after "locate the mantle"?
identify the thin outer crust
relate plates to the crust
locate the core
12.
Which practical work belongs to Structure Of The Earth?
Use particle models and demonstrations to compare sound through different media
Model echoes and apply reflection ideas to echolocation and room acoustics
Relate plate-boundary movement to earthquakes, subduction, volcanoes and fold mountains
Interpret cross-sections and use matching evidence such as fossils, rocks and coastline patterns
13.
Seismologists plotted the graph of wave speed against depth. At about what depth does the S-wave line fall to zero, and what does this show?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 1
About 5150 km – the inner core starts there and is liquid
About 2900 km – the outer core starts there and is liquid
About 35 km – the mantle starts there and is liquid lava
About 6370 km – the very centre of the Earth is hollow
14.
Statement about the graph: below about 5150 km S-waves travel again, which supports the idea that the inner core is solid. True or false?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 2
True – S-waves only travel through solids
False – S-waves never appear below 2900 km on the graph
False – S-waves travel faster in liquids than in solids
True, but only because the inner core is made of rock
15.
The map shows South America and Africa moved together. Mesosaurus was a small reptile that lived in fresh water. Which conclusion is best supported by the map?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 3
Mesosaurus swam across the salty Atlantic Ocean many times
The two continents have always been where they are today
The two continents were once joined and have drifted apart
The rock and fossils were carried over by rivers from Africa
16.
In the cross-section, which bracket shows the full depth of a tectonic plate beneath the continent?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 4
Bracket X – the continental crust only
Bracket W – the ocean water above the crust
Bracket Z – the hot mantle rock that flows
Bracket Y – crust plus rigid upper mantle
17.
Nadia uses thick syrup as a model of mantle rock. She times how long a marble takes to sink 20 cm through syrup at different temperatures. What does her graph show?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 5
Warmer syrup flows less easily, so the deep mantle cannot move
Warmer syrup flows more easily, so hot rock should flow more readily
Temperature has no effect, because the time stays about the same
The syrup turns solid at 60 °C, like the inner core
18.
Yusuf poured three liquids into a cylinder and dropped in three objects. The diagram shows where everything settled. Which feature of the Earth does his result model best?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 6
The densest material is at the centre, as with the iron–nickel core
The core is liquid, because the steel nut sank through liquids
The crust is the heaviest layer, because the cork is on top
Plates move on convection currents, because the bead floats
19.
The graph shows data from two GPS stations on different plates. The plates are moving apart at about _____.
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 7
20 cm per year
2 m per year
2 cm per year
0.2 cm per year
20.
Kofi drew the diagram to show how tectonic plates are moved. What is the main scientific error?
Dr Dabour Hub Academy - figure 8
The inner core should be drawn as the thickest layer of all
The crust should be drawn thicker than the mantle
Convection cannot happen anywhere inside the Earth at all
The currents that move plates are in the mantle, not the outer core
21.
Use the table to decide why the metal in the inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid.
In the inner core, pressure raises the melting point above the temperature
The inner core is cooler than the outer core, so its iron freezes
The inner core is made of rock, which has a higher melting point
The outer core is under higher pressure, which melts the iron there
22.
A museum guide uses the table as evidence for continental drift. Why is this evidence convincing?
The fossils prove that the continents are still joined today
None of these organisms could cross a wide ocean
All three organisms were strong swimmers that crossed oceans
Fossils always form in the mantle and rise up in many places
23.
Scientists know S-waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core, so no S-waves reach stations more than about 105° from an earthquake. Which result in the table is most likely an error?
Station F, because it records P-waves at 170°
Station A, because it records both wave types
Station E, because it records S-waves at 150°
Station C, because it records S-waves at 95°
24.
Using the Muscat data in the table, what was the average speed of the P-wave?
About 45 000 km per second
About 8 km per second
About 0.125 km per second
About 675 km per second
25.
Which choice in the table is the poorest model of the real layer?
Hot water for the mantle, which is mostly solid
Cracked toffee for the crust, which is split into plates
A steel ball for the inner core, which is solid metal
Liquid chocolate with iron for the outer core, which is liquid metal
26.
Using the table, how thick is the outer core?
About 5150 km
About 2900 km
About 1220 km
About 2250 km
27.
Which conclusion is best supported by the results in the table?
The cards move by themselves even with the heater off
Heating makes the paste freeze and hold the plates still
Stronger heating makes the plates move apart further
The heater setting has no pattern with the distance moved
28.
For a fair test, Nadia must use the same marble and the same sinking distance at every syrup temperature. True or false?
True – only the temperature should change
False – she should use a bigger marble for hotter syrup
False – the distance must go up with the temperature
True, but only for temperatures above 50 °C
29.
Lava pouring out of volcanoes proves that the whole mantle is a layer of liquid lava. True or false?
True – all of the mantle is molten rock
True, but only under the oceans
False – lava comes from the outer core
False – the mantle is mostly solid rock that flows slowly
30.
If the Earth were shrunk to the size of a football with a radius of 11 cm, the crust (average 35 km) would be less than 1 mm thick. True or false?
False – it would be about 3.5 cm
True – it would be only about 0.6 mm
False – it would be about half the ball
True, but only the oceanic crust would be
31.
P-waves are detected after passing through the outer core, so the outer core cannot be liquid. True or false?
True – no wave can pass through a liquid
True – P-waves only travel through solids
False – P-waves can travel through liquids
False – P-waves never reach the core at all
32.
The core is denser than the mantle partly because it is made of iron and nickel rather than rock. True or false?
True – these metals are denser than rock
False – the core is made of light gases
False – the core and mantle have equal density
True, but the mantle is still the densest layer
33.
Mantle rock heated near the core becomes less dense and rises. True or false?
False – heated rock becomes denser and sinks
False – mantle rock never changes temperature
True, but it keeps rising into space
True – this starts a convection current
34.
Each tectonic plate is made only of oceanic crust. True or false?
True – continents are not part of any plate
False – many plates carry continental crust too
True – continental crust floats on the core
False – plates are made only of mantle rock
35.
Going from the crust to the centre, temperature, pressure and density all increase, but the state of the layers changes from solid to mostly solid to liquid and back to solid. True or false?
False – every layer gets more liquid with depth
False – temperature falls towards the centre
True – the state does not follow a simple trend
True, but pressure falls towards the centre
36.
The way the coastlines of South America and Africa fit together proves that mantle convection moves the plates. True or false?
False – it shows they were joined, not why they moved
True – the fit shows the direction of the currents
True – coastlines can only fit if convection exists
False – the coastlines do not fit together at all
37.
The mantle is thicker than the outer core and inner core put together. True or false?
True – the mantle is about 5000 km thick
True – the core layers total only 1000 km
False – the crust is thicker than the mantle
False – the two core layers total about 3400 km
38.
Rising mantle rock spreads out under the plates, cools, becomes denser and then _____, completing a convection current.
turns into metal
sinks back down
escapes into the air
melts into the core
39.
In Tomás's card-and-paste model, the heater setting is the _____ variable.
independent
dependent (measured)
control (kept the same)
random (uncontrolled)
40.
Scientists plot where earthquakes and volcanoes happen on a world map to find the _____ of the tectonic plates.
inner cores
magnetic poles
convection speeds
boundaries
41.
Each option pairs a model material with the part of the Earth it could represent. Which pairing is correct?
Steel ball bearing – oceanic crust
Glass of water – inner core
Very thick, slowly flowing putty – mantle rock
Thin sheet of paper – outer core
42.
Each option pairs a key term with its meaning. Which pairing is correct?
Seismic wave – molten rock beneath the surface
Lithosphere – crust plus the rigid top of the mantle
Magma – a wave of energy from an earthquake
Density – how thick a layer of the Earth is
43.
Each option pairs a way plates move at a boundary with a result. Which pairing is correct?
Plates moving apart – fold mountains squeezed up
Plates sliding past – new ocean floor forms
Plates staying still – frequent large earthquakes
Plates colliding – mountain building
44.
Each option pairs two parts of the Earth with a correct comparison. Which pairing is correct?
Outer core and inner core – same metals, different state
Crust and mantle – the crust is hotter than the mantle
Oceanic and continental crust – oceanic crust is thicker
Mantle and outer core – the mantle is liquid, the core solid
45.
Nadia heats syrup to 60 °C for her marble investigation. Which is the most important safety precaution?
Heat it quickly over a strong flame so it is ready sooner
Stir it with her finger to check the temperature is even
Heat it in a water bath and handle the beaker with heat-proof gloves
Seal the beaker tightly with a lid before heating it
46.
Tomás gets 1.1 cm for the medium heater setting. How could he make his results more reliable?
Use a different sort of paste for each heater setting
Test only the high setting, since it moves furthest
Round every distance to the nearest 10 cm
Repeat each setting three times and find the mean
47.
Which sequence correctly explains how tectonic plates are moved?
Core heats lower mantle → rock rises → spreads and drags plates → cools and sinks
Plates heat the core → core rises → mantle sinks → crust melts
Rock cools at the core → rises → drags plates → heats and sinks
Sun heats the crust → plates melt → magma flows → plates sink
48.
Seismic waves suddenly speed up about 35 km below a continent but only about 7 km below the ocean floor. What is the best explanation?
The mantle is missing underneath the oceans
The crust–mantle boundary is much deeper under continents
The ocean water makes the waves speed up
The outer core lies only 7 km under the sea bed
49.
Which plan would best test whether the thickness of a liquid affects how fast floating card "plates" are carried by convection?
Use one liquid, change the heater setting each time and time a different-sized card
Use three liquids at three different heater settings and watch the cards for a few seconds
Use one liquid and one setting, and ask classmates which card looked fastest
Use three liquids of different thickness at the same heater setting and time the same card over the same distance
50.
How can the mantle be described as mostly solid yet still able to flow?
It melts every night and freezes again every day
It is a mixture of liquid lava and gas bubbles
The hot rock slowly changes shape over millions of years
It flows only in the places where volcanoes erupt
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Part of Unit 6: Sound and space — see every lesson and quiz in this unit.
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