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Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary

English Language

Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary

Overview

Overview

  • Read articles on climate change, climate justice and global environmental issues, and identify cause and effect.
  • Extract key information from an interview with a meteorologist and use weather expressions accurately.
  • Build compound nouns and define vocabulary from context.

🌳 Concept tree

Unit 3→Protect Nature, Protect Future — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary

├── Unit overview

│ ├── Learning outcomes

│ └── The unit's five lessons

├── Lesson 1→Climate Justice and Global Activism

│ ├── Main ideas and cause-effect chains

│ ├── Idioms of blame and responsibility

│ └── Compound nouns

├── Lesson 2→An Interview with a Meteorologist

│ ├── Weather expressions

│ └── Weather vocabulary

├── Lesson 4→Global Climate

│ ├── The two mechanisms of sea-level rise

│ └── Adaptation strategies

└── Vocabulary bank and exam traps

Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 1 / 7
Unit overview

Unit overview

Learning outcomes

Comparison aspectMain ideaKeywords
Reading
  • articles and texts on climate change
  • climate justice and global environmental issues
  • extracting key details
  • defining vocabulary from context and understanding cause-and-effect relationships
articlestextsclimatechange
Language
  • modal verbs for logical deduction in the present and the past
  • expressing blame or regret
modalverbslogicaldeduction
Listeningkey information from a radio interview with a meteorologistinformationradiointerviewmeteorologist
Writinga persuasive essay on climate change using specific vocabulary and persuasive techniquespersuasiveessayclimatechange
Speaking
  • group discussions and debates about climate change
  • its effects and the role of individuals and youth activists
groupdiscussionsdebatesclimate
  1. Climate Justice and Global Activism
  2. An Interview with a Meteorologist
  3. Climate Change and Coastal Cities
  4. Global Climate
  5. How to Help Our Environment.
  • The people who cause the least damage must not suffer the most — that is the core of climate justice.
  • Individual action is small but not meaningless combined, small steps produce a large impact.
Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 2 / 7
Lesson 1: Climate Justice and Global Activism (reading)

Lesson 1: Climate Justice and Global Activism (reading)

Main ideas

  • Climate change is not only an environmental crisis but also a profound issue of global justice.
  • Industrialised nations are largely responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Low-income and marginalised communities , particularly in the Global South, bear the brunt: rising sea levels, long droughts, food shortage and extreme weather events.
  • Climate justice calls for fair policies, shared decisions and cooperation to correct the unequal burden.
  • Youth are acting the Youth Climate Lab empowers young innovators to design sustainable energy projects and waste-reduction programmes, producing tangible results such as community solar projects and recycling campaigns.
  • At its core, climate justice is about equity, responsibility and voice: without justice there can be no true solution.

Cause-and-effect chain in the text

Cause Effect
Industrialised nations emit most greenhouse gases Global warming accelerates
Global warming raises temperatures and sea levels Droughts, food shortage, extreme weather
Low-income communities have few resources They suffer the worst consequences
Youth design local solutions Solar projects and recycling campaigns deliver real change
Idiom Register Meaning
bear the brunt formal to suffer the worst part of something bad
shoulder the burden formal to take responsibility for something difficult or unpleasant
take the heat informal to accept criticism or blame
face the music informal to accept the unpleasant results of your actions
Comparison aspectMain ideaKeywords
•
  • A compound noun is made of two nouns used together as one unit
  • the first noun describes the second
compoundnounmadenouns
Examples from the unit
  • climate change
  • greenhouse gas
  • carbon footprint
  • energy efficiency
  • rainfall pattern
climatechangegreenhousecarbon
Note the plural
  • greenhouse gases
  • rainfall patterns
greenhousegasesrainfallpatterns
Comparison aspectMain ideaKeywords
Which communities suffer the most from climate change?
  • Low-income and marginalised communities
  • particularly in the Global South
incomemarginalisedparticularlyGlobal
What does "climate justice" emphasise?
  • Fair policies
  • shared decisions and cooperation to fix the unequal burdens of climate change
  • with equity and a voice for those often unheard
Fairpoliciesshareddecisions
According to the text, young people are demanding…c. immediate and ambitious climate actionimmediateambitiousclimateaction
"bear the brunt" means…b. to suffer the worst effectssufferworsteffects
Item Meaning
bear the brunt suffer the worst part of something
greenhouse gas emissions pollution that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere
marginalised communities groups with little power or resources
equity fairness or equal treatment
  • Summarise each paragraph in one sentence before you answer; most main-idea questions are answered by that summary.
  • Watch for connectors while, even though, as a result, so — they mark the cause-effect relationship the examiner asks about.
Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 3 / 7
Lesson 2: An Interview with a Meteorologist (listening)

Lesson 2: An Interview with a Meteorologist (listening)

What a meteorologist does

  • Studies the atmosphere and predicts the weather.
  • Works with data and models to produce a forecast for the coming days.
  • Warns the public about extreme weather such as heat waves and storms.
Expression Meaning
scorching hot very hot
boiling extremely hot
baking very sunny and hot
freezing cold very cold
chilly a little cold
pouring with rain raining heavily
humid hot and wet
stormy with strong winds and rain
foggy with thick mist in the air
overcast cloudy and grey
  1. a very long period of dangerously hot weather → heat wave
  2. someone who studies or predicts the weather → meteorologist
  3. the prediction of future weather conditions → forecast
  4. a weather condition that is unusually strong, dangerous or destructive → extreme weather
  5. very hot → scorching
  6. expecting a bad or negative outcome → pessimistic
Sentence Answer
The … predicted thunderstorms across the northern region. meteorologist
It's absolutely … today — don't forget sunscreen and water! scorching
The country experienced a deadly … that lasted for two weeks. heat wave
  • Floods
  • hurricanes and sandstorms are all examples of …
extreme weather
  • According to the five-day …
  • temperatures will remain high
forecast
Some scientists feel … about the future of our climate. pessimistic
  • Do you agree with the meteorologist's view on climate change in Egypt?
  • What might happen if the government does not act?
Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 4 / 7
Lesson 4: Global Climate (reading)

Lesson 4: Global Climate (reading)

Key facts from the article

  • Global sea level in 2016 was about 82 mm higher than the 1983 average.
  • Projections suggest a rise of 0.2 to 2 metres by 2100.
  • Coastal flooding has increased in many regions compared with the mid-20th century.
  • An estimated 275 million people live in low-lying coastal zones exposed to floods, and most of the world's megacities are in coastal areas.
Mechanism Explanation
Melting glaciers and ice sheets
  • Caused by rising global temperatures
  • the dominant contributor over the past decade
Thermal expansion of seawater Water expands as ocean temperatures increase.
Comparison aspectMain ideaKeywords
•
  • International agreements aim to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions
  • but their ability to slow sea-level rise remains uncertain
Internationalagreementsmitigategreenhouse
Adaptationtherefore becomes critical: amphibious architecture and large-scale coastal defence systems are being implemented in flood-prone regionsthereforebecomescriticalamphibious
The article's conclusionboth mitigation and adaptation are essentialbothmitigationadaptationessential
  1. Sea-level rise projections for 2100 range from 0.2 to 2 metres. → T
  2. Thermal expansion of seawater is the only cause of rising sea levels. → F (there are two linked mechanisms)
  3. Most of the world's largest cities are far from coastal areas. → F
  4. Amphibious architecture is one example of an adaptation strategy. → T
  5. Climate migration could lead to population displacement. → T
Sentence Answer
Building the bridge was a … project that took five years to finish. large-scale
The scientist explained the strange natural … to the students. phenomenon
Climate change may cause the … of millions of people to safer areas. migration
The young athlete has the … to become a world champion. potential
The red light on the machine … that it is not working properly. indicates
The teacher … the students on their trip. accompanied
The company plans an … of its offices to hire more employees. expansion
Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 5 / 7
Vocabulary bank

Vocabulary bank

Word Part of speech Meaning Collocation / example
equity noun fairness or equal treatment climate equity
emissions noun gases released into the air greenhouse gas emissions
marginalised adjective having little power or resources marginalised communities
mitigate verb to make less severe mitigate the effects of pollution
adaptation noun changing to cope with new conditions adaptation strategies
phenomenon noun a natural or observable event (plural: phenomena) a strange natural phenomenon
thermal expansion noun phrase the increase in volume of a substance as it warms thermal expansion of seawater
migration noun movement of people or animals to a new area climate migration
forecast noun / verb a prediction of future weather a five-day forecast
heat wave noun a long period of dangerously hot weather a deadly heat wave
scorching adjective very hot a scorching afternoon
pessimistic adjective expecting a bad outcome pessimistic about the future
large-scale adjective involving many people or a large area a large-scale project
coastal adjective relating to the coast coastal cities
sustainable adjective able to continue without damaging resources sustainable choices
Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 6 / 7
Exam traps and key takeaways

Exam traps and key takeaways

💡 High-yield traps

Comparison aspectMain ideaKeywords
marginalised
  • is about power and resources
  • not about geography
  • a poor community in a rich country is still marginalised
powerresourcesgeographypoor
mitigate vs adapt
  • mitigate attacks the cause (reduce emissions)
  • adapt deals with the effect (sea walls)
attackscausereduceemissions
bear the bruntis followed by of: bear the brunt of climate changefollowedclimatechange
phenomenon
  • is singular
  • the plural is phenomena — a favourite exam trap
singularpluralphenomenafavourite
economic vs environmental
  • both appear in this unit
  • check
  • one the sentence needs
bothappearunitcheck
•
  • In cause-effect questions
  • the effect is not always in the same sentence as the cause
  • follow the connectors
causeeffectquestionsalways
Unit 3: Climate Justice — Reading, Listening and Vocabulary · 7 / 7