02 📖 Core Terminology, Scientific Definitions & Glossaries:
🔹 Deoxyribonucleotide: The fundamental repeating monomeric unit of DNA, composed of a 2-deoxy-D-ribose pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base attached to C1' via a glycosidic bond, and a phosphate group attached to C5' via an ester linkage.
🔹 Chargaff's Equivalence Rule: A biochemical rule establishing that in double-stranded DNA, the ratio of Adenine to Thymine is 1:1 (A = T), and the ratio of Guanine to Cytosine is 1:1 (G = C); therefore, total purines equal total pyrimidines.
🔹 Restriction Endonuclease: A bacterial enzyme that recognizes a specific foreign palindromic nucleotide sequence (typically 4–8 bp) and cleaves both phosphodiester backbones, generating sticky or blunt ends.
🔹 Plasmid: A small, circular, extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA molecule capable of autonomous replication inside bacterial cells, utilized widely as a cloning vector.
🔹 Palindromic Sequence: A double-stranded nucleic acid sequence that reads identically in the 5' to 3' direction on both complementary strands.