Point 4 of 6 — Lesson 14: Building the Modern State – Education, Administration and Army under Muhammad AliQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
04Administrative division and the judiciary
Administrative division
Under Ottoman rule Egypt was divided into 16 regions; Muhammad Ali made changes so that the financial burdens on the people were equalised.
He divided the country intoseven mdiriyahs (governorates), nearly equal, each headed by adirector.
Each mdiriyah was divided into marakizheaded by amamur, thensectionsheaded by anazir, thendistricts and villagesheaded by anomdehorsheikh al-balad.
TheTurkish elementheld every administrative postexcept sheikh al-balad, omdeh and the financial posts; Egyptians were then substitutedgradually, and by theend of the 1870s all posts were Egyptianisedexcept thehigh ranks in the army.
The judiciary
He created a new judicial body called Gam'iyat al-Haqqaniyya (1847)to trysenior officials; it functioned as a court forfelonies and misdemeanours.
He created a commercial court calledMajlis al-Tijara (the Board of Commerce) to settle commercial disputes between the people, or between them and foreigners; foreign representatives were part of its composition.
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