Point 6 of 7 — Lesson 12: The Rise of Muhammad Ali and the Consolidation of His Power in EgyptQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
06Destroying the popular leadership
Why he got rid of it
Muhammad Ali realised thestrength of the popular leadershipand therestrictions it had placed on himwhen he accepted the waliya.
He grew wary ofOmar Makram's rising standingamong the people.
He saw the need tomonopolise rule without popular guardianship.
He was helped by thedivision among the popular leaders over Omar Makram's standing, his rivals secretly intriguing against him.
The crisis of 1808
TheNile flood fell low (August 1808); conditions worsened, prices rose and the government increased taxes.
The people complained to the ulema, and the ulema asked Muhammad Ali to relieve the crisis by not collecting the assessed taxes.
Herebuked them, because they had not done for the people what he had found they did for themselves when the ulema exempted the multazims from the tax on the surplus of their iltizam — so he put them in a difficult position before the people.
The exile of Omar Makram
Muhammad Ali exploited the crisis to issue decisions on taxes and property that gave him control and sole rule.
By the terms of his appointment, Omar Makram's consent was required, but herefused to deliberate.
His rivals seized the opportunity and set Muhammad Ali against him, so he was dismissed from the naqaba of the ashraf and exiled to Damietta (1809), andMuhammad al-Sadatwas appointed in his place.
Al-Sadat became apliant tool in Muhammad Ali's hands.
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