3-10 The slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines
Point 10 of 11 — Unit 3: Similarity, Dilation, Trigonometric Ratios and the Straight LineQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
10 3-10 The slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines
- Slope m = (y₂ − y₁)/(x₂ − x₁) = rise over run between any two points of the line; it is the same pair whichever two points are chosen.
- Positive slope rises to the right, negative falls, zero is a horizontal line, and the slope of a vertical line x = c is undefined.
- Two non-vertical lines are parallel ⟺ their slopes are equal.
- Two lines are perpendicular ⟺ the product of their slopes is −1, i.e. one slope is the negative reciprocal of the other.
- Slope as a gradient: a road rising 3 m over 40 m has slope 3/40 = 0.075, often written as a percentage grade.
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