Point 1 of 7 — Renewable Energy Sources, Green Hydrogen and Climate AdaptationQuestion bank: 4 questions (0 with pictures)
01Scientific terms
Renewable energy: energy from sources that are naturally replenished on a human time scale — sun, wind, water, heat of the Earth and living biomass.
Non-renewable energy: fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and nuclear fuels such as uranium, which are finite.
Photovoltaic cell: a p–n junction semiconductor that converts light directly into electricity by the photoelectric effect.
Concentrated solar power (CSP): mirrors focus sunlight on a fluid to make steam that drives a turbine.
Capacity factor: the actual output of a plant divided by its output if it ran full power all year; solar about 20–25%, wind 30–40%, thermal 80%+.
Electrolysis: passing direct current through water (with an electrolyte) to decompose it: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂.
Fuel cell: an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to give electricity and water — the reverse of electrolysis.
Energy density: energy per unit mass; hydrogen is the highest of all fuels (about 120 MJ/kg) but has the lowest per unit volume unless compressed or liquefied.
CCUS: carbon capture, utilisation and storage — separating CO₂ from flue gas or air, using it (fuels, chemicals, concrete) or injecting it into deep saline aquifers or depleted reservoirs.
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