Point 2 of 7 — Renewable Energy Sources, Green Hydrogen and Climate AdaptationQuestion bank: 0 questions (0 with pictures)
02Laws, figures and relations
Power of the wind: P = ½ ρ A v³ — doubling the wind speed multiplies the power by eight, which explains why wind farms are sited on coasts and ridges.
Hydropower: P = ρ g Q h; a flow of 10 m³/s falling 50 m gives about 4.9 MW.
Solar input: about 1,361 W/m² above the atmosphere and roughly 1,000 W/m² at the ground on a clear day; a 20% efficient panel of 1 m² gives about 200 W.
Electrolysis energy: thermodynamic minimum 39.4 kWh/kg H₂ (1.23 V), practically 48–55 kWh/kg at industrial cell voltages of 1.8–2.0 V.
Efficiency chain: renewable electricity → hydrogen (about 70–80%) → compression or liquefaction (loss up to 30% if liquid) → fuel cell (about 50–60%); direct electrification is therefore always more efficient when it is possible.
Egypt's potential: 9–11 kWh/m²/day of global horizontal irradiation, wind of 8–10 m/s along the Gulf of Suez, and more than 1,000 km of coastline on two seas for ports and export.
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