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12.2Unit 2: Dissolving, solubility and chromatography

Solutions and solubility — Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 7 parts Lesson 2 of 4 1 quiz

📚 Cambridge Checkpoint Science 0893 Hub / Topical Revision
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Lesson summary

12.2 Solutions and solubility — CHECKPOINT (CHEMISTRY) notes: Describe concentration, saturation and how solubility changes with temperature.Concentrated solution — has more solute particles dissolvedDilute solution — has fewer solute particles dissolvedMaking dilutions — measure…

  • Saturated solution
  • Sugar in 100 g water
  • Proportion
  • Nail polish
  • Soluble = a solid that dissolves in a solvent such as water (sodium chloride, sugar)
  • Insoluble = a solid that will not dissolve (iron filings)

Section 1 of 7Concentration

Concentrated solution
  • Concentrated solution has more solute particles dissolved
Dilute solution
  • Dilute solution has fewer solute particles dissolved
Making dilutions
  • Making dilutions measure the dye solution and water accurately with a pipette for the last drops, keeping the total volume the same

Section 2 of 7Solubility

Soluble
Soluble a solid that dissolves in a solvent such as water (sodium chloride, sugar)
Insoluble
Insoluble a solid that will not dissolve (iron filings)
Saturated solution
Saturated solution no more solute will dissolve
Solubility
  • Solubility some substances are more soluble than others: sodium chloride is more soluble than lead chloride

Section 3 of 7Comparing solubility

  • Method
    • measure how much solute dissolves in a known amount of solvent
SaltMass dissolving in 100 g water at 20 °C
Sodium chloride36 g
Copper sulfate32 g
Calcium chloride74 g
Potassium chlorate7 g
Lead chloride1 g

Section 4 of 7Temperature and solubility

Trend
  • Trend solubility of most solutes increases as the temperature increases
Reason
  • Reason particles with more energy vibrate and move more
Sugar in 100 g water
  • 204 g dissolves at 20 °C and 362 g at 80 °C
Proportion
  • Proportion double the water at the same temperature dissolves double the solute

Section 5 of 7Other solvents

Water
  • Water is not the only solvent
Oil paint
  • Oil paint dissolves in methylated spirits (methanol), not in water
Nail polish
  • Nail polish dissolves in nail polish remover, which contains propanone

Section 6 of 7Key terms

TermMeaning
SolubleAble to dissolve.
InsolubleUnable to dissolve.
Saturated solutionSolution in which no more solute will dissolve.
ConcentratedContaining many solute particles.
DiluteContaining few solute particles.
SolubilityHow much solute dissolves in a given amount of solvent.

Section 7 of 7Exam technique

1
Saying a saturated solution is full of solvent — it simply cannot dissolve any more solute.
2
Saying solubility decreases with temperature for most solids.
3
Using different volumes of water when comparing solubility.
4
Confusing concentrated with saturated.

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