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Science — Third Preparatory

Science — Third Preparatory

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Science — Third Preparatory 2026/2027

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Unit 1 - Force, Motion, Acceleration and Physical Quantities

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Question bank: Unit 3 — Variation of Traits in Living Organisms

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  • Questions count: 40
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1.
The genetic material in cells is chemically known as:
RNA only
protein
DNA
starch
2.
A segment of DNA that carries information for a specific inherited trait is a:
chromosome
gene
cell
nucleus
3.
A human gamete carries:
two copies of each gene
one copy of each gene
no genes
only the dominant genes
4.
The cells in which gametes are made by meiosis are found in the:
gonads
liver
skin
kidneys
5.
A zygote formed at fertilisation has:
one copy of each gene
two copies of each gene
four copies of each gene
three copies of each gene
6.
Different forms of the same gene are called:
chromosomes
alleles
gametes
genotypes
7.
If B is the allele for brown eyes (dominant) and b for blue eyes, the genotype of a blue-eyed person is:
BB
Bb
bb
bB only
8.
A person with the genotype Bb has:
blue eyes
brown eyes
green eyes
no eye colour
9.
The genotype Bb is described as:
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
pure
10.
The observable inherited trait is the:
genotype
phenotype
allele
gamete
11.
Mendel chose the pea plant because:
it has clear contrasting traits and controllable pollination
it grows in all seasons
it has no seeds
it has only recessive traits
12.
In pea plants, which trait is dominant?
Short stem
Wrinkled seeds
Purple flowers
Yellow pods
13.
Crossing a pure yellow-seeded plant (YY) with a green-seeded plant (yy) gives in F₁:
50% yellow, 50% green
100% yellow
100% green
75% yellow
14.
Crossing two hybrid yellow plants (Yy × Yy), the percentage of green seeds expected is:
0%
25%
50%
75%
15.
In the F₂ generation of a monohybrid cross the phenotypic ratio is:
1 : 1
3 : 1
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
1 : 2 : 1 (phenotypes)
16.
The genotype ratio in F₂ of Aa × Aa is:
3 : 1
1 : 2 : 1
1 : 1
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
17.
The phenotypic ratio in the F₂ of a dihybrid cross is:
3 : 1
1 : 1 : 1 : 1
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
1 : 2 : 1
18.
How many types of gametes does an individual with the genotype RrYy produce?
1
2
3
4
19.
The number of boxes in the Punnett square of RrYy × RrYy is:
4
8
16
32
20.
Mendel's first law is called the law of:
independent assortment
segregation
natural selection
mutation
21.
Mendel's second law is the law of:
dominance only
segregation
independent assortment
adaptation
22.
A cross Aa × aa gives offspring in the ratio:
3 Aa : 1 aa
1 Aa : 1 aa
all Aa
all aa
23.
A carrier of a recessive genetic disease:
shows the disease
is healthy but has one disease allele
has two disease alleles
has no disease allele
24.
Two carrier parents have a chance of an affected child equal to:
0%
25%
50%
100%
25.
A carrier parent (Nn) and a normal parent (NN) have a chance of an affected child equal to:
0%
25%
50%
75%
26.
Which is an inherited disease?
Thalassaemia
Influenza
Common cold
Food poisoning
27.
Marriage between close relatives increases the chance of inherited disease because:
they have different genes
they are likely to carry the same disease allele from common ancestors
they cannot have children
the disease allele becomes dominant
28.
The purpose of comprehensive genetic screening is:
treating damaged genes immediately
early detection of genetic disorders
changing undesirable traits
producing new genes
29.
A population is:
all the species in an ecosystem
a group of individuals of the same species in the same place and time
a group of different species
a single organism
30.
In exponential growth, the population goes 2, 4, 8, 16. The number after 5 doublings from 1 is:
10
16
32
25
31.
The carrying capacity of an environment is:
the minimum number of individuals
the maximum number of individuals the environment can support continuously
the birth rate
the number of predators
32.
Which is an example of environmental resistance?
Plenty of food
Increased competition for resources
Fewer predators
Larger space
33.
Which is a genetic factor affecting survival?
Amount of rainfall
Disease resistance
Pollution of water
Available space
34.
In natural selection, the selecting agent is the:
farmer
environment
scientist
teacher
35.
After the Industrial Revolution, dark moths became more common because:
pollution turned light moths dark
dark moths were less visible to predators on dark tree trunks
the moths changed colour on purpose
lichens grew faster
36.
Natural selection acts on:
traits that already exist in the population
traits that the environment creates in individuals
acquired habits only
traits that never pass to offspring
37.
Which is an example of artificial selection?
Dark moths increasing after pollution
Breeding the cows with the highest milk production
Birds migrating in winter
Fur turning white in snow
38.
Artificial selection differs from natural selection because it:
is controlled by the environment
is usually faster and controlled by humans
never changes traits
happens only in plants
39.
Which is a modern technique for preserving desirable traits?
Crossbreeding
Tissue culture
Choosing the best seeds by eye
Keeping animals in farms
40.
A possible danger of artificial selection is:
increased genetic diversity
reduced genetic diversity
less food
fewer plants
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