Unit flashcards
Unit 11: Organic Chemistry — one card for every lesson
Unit 11 overview: Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry Tap to flipUnit 11 overview: Organic Chemistry
Unit 11 overview — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES: Organic Chemistry — 3 topics and 11 lessons. Work through the lessons in order, then use each lesson's Key terms and Common mistakes tabs to revise.TopicLessons11.1 Formulae, Functional Groups and Terminology11.1.1 Organic Formulae11.1.2 Homologous…
Open the lessonOrganic Formulae
Organic Chemistry Tap to flipOrganic Formulae
11.1.1 Organic Formulae — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Define organic compounds and hydrocarbons and interpret displayed, structural and general formulae.Organic compoundsOrganic compounds Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon, together with their structures, properties and reactions.By convention carbon…
Open the lessonHomologous Series
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11.1.2 Homologous Series — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Identify and name alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes, write systematic IUPAC names and structural formulae, explain isomers, and test for unsaturation. Homologous SeriesGeneral FormulaSaturationFunctional FeatureFirst 3 Members AlkanesCnH2n+2Saturated (single C-C bonds only)Unreactive, undergo combustionMethane…
Open the lessonSaturated and Unsaturated Compounds
Organic Chemistry Tap to flipSaturated and Unsaturated Compounds
11.1.3 Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Distinguish saturated from unsaturated hydrocarbons and use the general formulae of alkanes and alkenes.SaturatedSaturated A saturated compound has only single carbon-carbon bonds, so each carbon is bonded to four other atoms.Alkanes…
Open the lessonNaming Organic Compounds
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11.1.4 Naming Organic Compounds — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Name organic compounds from the number of carbon atoms and the functional group.Parts of a nameStemStem shows the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain.- End part- End part shows…
Open the lessonFossil Fuels
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11.2.1 Fossil Fuels — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Name the fossil fuels, describe how petroleum is separated by fractional distillation, and recall the uses and property trends of the fractions.What is a fuel?What is a fuel?A fuel is a substance that…
Open the lessonAlkanes
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Recall the general formula of alkanes and explain why they are saturated.1General formula of alkanesCnH2n+2.2Alkanes contain only C–C and C–H single bonds, so they are saturated.3Alkanes are fairly unreactive apart from combustion and substitution with halogens.4CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br…
Open the lessonAlkenes
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State the general formula of alkenes and explain the term unsaturated.Key ideasGeneral formula of alkenesCnH2n.C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2 (1,2-dibromoethane).Bromine waterBromine water orange → colourless with alkenes.Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes because of the C=C double bond.Ethene + steam…
Open the lessonAddition Reactions
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11.2.4 Addition Reactions — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Describe the addition reactions of alkenes with bromine, hydrogen and steam, including conditions and products, and use bromine water to test for unsaturation.alkene addition reaction summaryThe ideaThe idea Alkenes are reactive because of…
Open the lessonAlcohols
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Recognise alcohols from their names, formulae and the –OH group.ethanol complete combustion1General formula of alcoholsCnH2n+1OH; functional group –OH.2FermentationC6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2.3HydrationC2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH (300 °C, 60–70 atm, H3PO4).4Complete combustionC2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O.5Acidified potassium dichromate(VI)…
Open the lessonPolymers
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11.3.1 Polymers — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Describe addition and condensation polymers, plastics and their disposal, and proteins.PolymerPolymer a large molecule built up from many smaller molecules called monomers.BondingBonding each monomer is joined to the next by covalent bonds.Examples — poly(ethene)…
Open the lessonAddition and Condensation Polymers
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11.3.2 Addition and Condensation Polymers — CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES notes: Explain addition polymerisation of alkenes, condensation polymerisation of polyesters, and describe natural polymers including DNA, proteins, and starch. ethene chloroethene polymerisationethene 1 2 diol polymerisationethene bromine addition bromonium Addition polymers: formed…
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