Curriculum
Course: IAL Edexcel Linear (Chemistry)
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Curriculum

IAL Edexcel Linear (Chemistry)

Unit 1. Structure, Bonding and Introduction to Organic Chemistry

0/52 Dr Dabour Hub Science Diagram and Course Material

Unit 2. Energetics, Group Chemistry, Halogenoalkanes and Alcohols

0/68 Dr Dabour Hub Science Diagram and Course Material

Unit 3. Practical Skills in Chemistry I

0/13 Dr Dabour Hub Science Diagram and Course Material

Unit 4. Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic Chemistry

0/71 Dr Dabour Hub Science Diagram and Course Material

Unit 5. Transition Metals and Organic Nitrogen Chemistry

0/57 Dr Dabour Hub Science Diagram and Course Material

Unit 6. Practical Skills in Chemistry II

0/17 Dr Dabour Hub Science Diagram and Course Material
Quiz

5.7 Organic Synthesis — Notes – Exam questions

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  • Questions count: 12
  • Passing grade: B+
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1.
Why is NaHCO3(aq) used to wash a crude organic liquid?
To dry it
To remove acidic impurities
To remove alcohols
To raise the boiling point
2.
Which reagent increases the carbon chain length of a halogenoalkane by one?
NaOH(aq)
KCN in ethanol
NH3 in ethanol
K2Cr2O7/H+
3.
Three steps each with 50% yield give an overall yield of:
50%
25%
12.5%
150%
4.
Adding HCN to propanal gives:
a single enantiomer
a racemic mixture
no chiral product
an alkene
5.
Which conditions convert a nitrile into a carboxylic acid?
Heat under reflux with dilute HCl
H2 with Ni
Br2 in UV light
Conc H2SO4 at 170 °C
6.
An unknown gives an orange precipitate with 2,4-DNPH but no silver mirror with Tollens'. It is most likely:
an aldehyde
an alcohol
a carboxylic acid
a ketone
7.
Why might a manufacturer prefer a shorter route?
It always uses cheaper reagents
It gives a racemic product
The overall yield is usually higher
It avoids the need for purification
8.
Which statement best describes Atom economy?
A step that adds carbon atoms, e.g. nucleophilic substitution with CN- or addition of HCN to a carbonyl.
(Mr of desired product / total Mr of reactants) × 100%; a measure of how much of the reactants ends up in the product.
Working backwards from the target molecule to identify simpler precursors and suitable reactions.
Deducing the structure of an unknown molecule from chemical tests and spectroscopic data.
9.
Which statement best describes Racemic mixture?
A step that adds carbon atoms, e.g. nucleophilic substitution with CN- or addition of HCN to a carbonyl.
A compound made in one step of a multi-step synthesis and used as the reactant in the next.
Deducing the structure of an unknown molecule from chemical tests and spectroscopic data.
An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers; it has no overall effect on plane-polarised light.
10.
Which statement best describes Overall yield?
The product of the fractional yields of each step, so it falls quickly as steps are added.
An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers; it has no overall effect on plane-polarised light.
Deducing the structure of an unknown molecule from chemical tests and spectroscopic data.
A carbon atom bonded to four different groups, giving two optical isomers.
11.
Which statement best describes Intermediate?
(Mr of desired product / total Mr of reactants) × 100%; a measure of how much of the reactants ends up in the product.
A carbon atom bonded to four different groups, giving two optical isomers.
A compound made in one step of a multi-step synthesis and used as the reactant in the next.
An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers; it has no overall effect on plane-polarised light.
12.
Which reagent adds one carbon to a halogenoalkane?
KOH(aq)
KCN in ethanol
NH3
HBr
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Part of Unit 5. Transition Metals and Organic Nitrogen Chemistry — see every lesson and quiz in this unit.
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