| Mistake | - assuming that friction always equals μR even when the body is at rest and the applied force is small. Correct: static friction equals the applied force and is at most μR
- it reaches μR only when the body is on the point of moving
| assumingfrictionalwaysequals |
| Mistake | forgetting that the vertical component of an upward inclined force reduces the normal reaction. Correct: R = W − P sin θ for an upward pull | forgettingverticalcomponentupward |
| Mistake | drawing friction in the direction of motion instead of opposite to it. Correct: friction opposes the motion or the tendency to move | drawingfrictiondirectionmotion |
| Mistake | using the mass in place of the weight when calculating R. Correct: R = W = mass × g when there is no other vertical force | usingmassplaceweight |