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Physical Chemistry

AQA AS Chemistry — 1.4 Types of Bonding and Properties — AQA AS Chemistry Revision Notes & Topical Questions

5 min read 3 parts Lesson 34 of 102

📚 AQA AS Chemistry Hub / Topical Revision
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Curriculum Equation Key قوانين الرقم الهيدروجيني والاتزان الأيوني - pH & Acid-Base Equilibrium FormulasFast Exam Solution
pH = -log[H⁺] | pOH = -log[OH⁻] | pH + pOH = 14 | [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴
Word Equation & Conditions: الرقم الهيدروجيني = -لوغاريتم تركيز أيون الهيدروجين | pH + pOH = 14
Location & Specifications: الاتزان الأيوني، كيمياء 3 ثانوي، التحصيلي، و AP Chemistry.
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Lesson summary

Bonding and structure worked example: identify the structures of X, Y and Z from melting point, solubility and electrical conductivity. A high melting point suggests a giant lattice with strong attractions.

  • low melting point
  • X is giant ionic
  • Y is simple molecular
  • Z is metallic
  • X giant ionic, Y simple molecular, Z metallic

Part 1 of 3How to read the evidence

High melting point
A high melting point suggests a giant lattice with strong attractions. A low melting point suggests simple molecules held together by weaker intermolecular forces.
Conductivity distinguishes structures with mobile charge carriers. Molten ionic compounds conduct because ions can move; metals conduct because delocalised electrons can move.

Part 2 of 3Identify X and Y

X is giant ionic.
X is giant ionic. Its relatively high melting point, solubility in water and electrical conductivity when molten are consistent with ions in a lattice that become mobile on melting.
Y is simple molecular.
Y is simple molecular. Its low melting point means little energy is needed to separate its molecules. It conducts poorly because it has no mobile charged particles.

Part 3 of 3Identify Z and answer

Z is metallic.
Z is metallic. Its very high melting point alone could suggest several giant structures, but its electrical conductivity supports a metallic lattice containing mobile electrons.
The correct combination is X giant ionic, Y simple molecular, Z metallic. State the observation supporting each choice rather than naming a structure from melting point alone.

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