| Range | - Range = largest value − smallest value. It is easy to calculate
- but it depends on only two values
| largestvaluesmallesteasy |
| Variance σ² | - the mean of the squared deviations from the mean
- σ² = Σ(x − x̄)² ÷ n. It can also be calculated by the shortcut σ² = Σx² ÷ n − (x̄)²
| meansquareddeviationscalculated |
| Standard deviation σ | - the positive square root of the variance
- σ = √σ². It is the most important measure of dispersion because it is in the same unit as the original data
| positivesquarerootvariance |
| • | - A smaller standard deviation means the data are more consistent and closer together. If σ = 0
- all the values are equal
| smallerstandarddeviationmeans |