The equation of a circle with centre (h, k) and radius r is (x − h)² + (y − k)² = r².
The general form x² + y² + 2g x + 2f y + c = 0 has centre (−g, −f) and radius r = √(g² + f² − c).
A point is inside the circle if its distance from the centre is less than the radius, on the circle if the distance equals the radius, and outside if the distance is greater.